Have you thought about selling your blood? In the U.S., about 8% of adults, or 20 million people, donate their blood plasma each year1. This makes you wonder, what’s involved, and are there ethical concerns? Let’s look into the world of selling blood.
Key Takeaways
- The U.S. is one of only five countries that allow plasma donors to receive payment for their donations1.
- Plasma donors can donate up to 104 times a year, allowing them to donate twice a week indefinitely1.
- The payment for plasma donation varies, with some individuals reportedly making $400 to $800 per month1.
- Plasma donors include a diverse group, from college students to the working poor and middle class1.
- The long-term impacts of regular plasma donation on the body are not well researched, and there are concerns about potential health implications1.
Introduction to Selling Blood
Overview of the Blood Donation Process
The blood donation process is easy and quick, taking less than an hour overall2. It takes about 8-10 minutes to actually donate a pint of blood2.
Benefits of Donating Blood
Donating blood does more than just save lives2. It can help up to three people in need of urgent medical care2. Donors also feel a deep sense of pride and fulfillment in helping their community2.
Donating plasma is even more rewarding3. Plasma makes up about 55% of our blood and is full of important stuff like water, salts, and antibodies3. You can donate plasma more often than whole blood, and you might even get paid for it3.
| Donation Type | Frequency | Estimated Duration |
|---|---|---|
| Whole Blood | Every 56 days, up to 6 times per year | Less than 30 minutes |
| Plasma | Twice within a 7-day period | 1 to 3 hours for source plasma, less than 30 minutes for whole blood |
Donating whole blood or plasma is safe and makes a big difference in people’s lives23.
Blood Donation Eligibility Requirements
Donating blood has strict rules to keep both the donor and the recipient safe. These rules look at age, weight, health history, and recent activities45.
To donate blood, you must be at least 17 years old, with some places letting 16-year-olds donate with a parent’s okay4. You also need to weigh at least 110 pounds45.
Donating blood has its own set of rules. For instance, you must wait 8 weeks before giving blood again to let your body recover4. Also, you can’t donate right after getting certain vaccines4.
Where you live can affect if you can donate blood. In places like the District of Columbia and others, you must wait 3 months after getting a tattoo or piercing to donate4.
Other things can stop you from donating blood too. This includes recent sexual activity, some medicines, and a history of using injection drugs. The FDA says people on HIV treatments like ART, PrEP, or PEP can’t donate4. Also, you can’t donate if you’ve used injection drugs in the last 3 months4.
Before trying to donate blood or plasma, make sure you check the rules. Knowing and following these guidelines helps keep the blood donation process safe and trustworthy45.
Different Types of Blood Donations
There are two main types of blood donations: whole blood and plasma donations. It’s important to know the differences to help those who want to save lives.
Whole Blood Donation
Whole blood donation is the most common type. In this process, a unit of blood is taken from the donor. This unit includes red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma6.
The average donation is about one pint, which is 11% of the average adult’s blood6. Donors usually get their fluids back within 24 hours and their red blood cells in four to six weeks6. You can’t donate whole blood again for at least eight weeks to let your body recover6.
Plasma Donation
Plasma donation involves drawing the donor’s blood, taking out the plasma, and returning the rest. You can donate plasma more often than whole blood, and it helps make medical products7. You can donate plasma every 4 weeks7.
Both whole blood and plasma donations are key in the biomedical field. They provide vital resources for treatments and research. Knowing the differences helps people decide how they can help the most67.
The Blood Donation Experience
Donating blood is a simple yet powerful act that can save lives. When you get to the blood donation center, the staff will help you through each step. They make sure you have a good and rewarding time. Preparing for your donation is crucial for a smooth process.
Preparing for Your Donation
To make sure your blood donation goes well, follow these tips:
- Drink lots of fluids before you go.
- Have a healthy meal to keep your energy up.
- Rest well the night before your donation.
- Avoid caffeine and alcohol for a few hours before your visit.
The actual donation takes about 8-10 minutes8. But, from start to finish, including registration and refreshments, it might take up to an hour8. The staff will give you clear instructions for a smooth and comfy experience.
| Donation Type | Typical Duration |
|---|---|
| Whole Blood Donation | 45-60 minutes8 |
| Apheresis Donation (Double Red Cells, Platelets, Plasma) | 1.5-2 hours8 |
Relax and follow the staff’s advice for a positive blood donation experience. 
“Donating blood can save the life of a child with leukemia, a cancer patient, or an accident victim.”8
By preparing and donating, you can greatly impact someone’s life. The staff at the blood donation center will support you at every step.
Compensation for Selling Blood
Donating blood or plasma can be more than just helping with medical research and saving lives. Many find out they can earn money for their donations. This money can help cover the costs of donating.
Understanding Donor Compensation
Plasma donation centers often pay donors for their donations9. The FDA says plasma must come from regular donors for safety. Centers pay to keep donors coming back. How much you get paid can change based on where you donate and the center.
9 In the U.S., plasma donors can earn $30 to $70 per donation. This can add up to $400 or more a month, or even $1,000 for some donors9. Big names like CSL Plasma, BioLife Plasma Services, Grifols Plasma, and Octapharma Plasma pay donors.
9 New and regular donors can earn a lot, with extra rewards and programs to keep them coming back9. Centers use prepaid cards and special programs like iGive Rewards for CSL Plasma, My BioLife Rewards for BioLife Plasma Services, and more.
9 Donors can earn up to $800 as new donors, with chances to win prizes and more9. You can donate plasma twice a week, which means up to 104 times a year. Nonprofit places like the American Red Cross let you donate every 28 days, up to 13 times a year.
9 Plasma centers don’t tell the IRS about payments, but what you earn is your income and you must report it.
Not everyone can donate blood or plasma9. You must be 18 or older, weigh at least 110 lbs, pass a health check, and test negative for certain diseases. Type AB blood is best for plasma donations because it’s safe for all blood types.
Knowing about the pay for donating blood and plasma helps people decide if they want to donate. They can earn money and help with medical research and treatments.
Safety Measures in Blood Donation
Blood and plasma donation centers have strong safety steps to protect donors and those getting the blood products10. They check donors carefully, use clean equipment, and watch donors during and after giving blood10.
Plasma donation is closely watched by the FDA, needing two tests on plasma to be safe11. Blood banks test all blood for diseases like AIDS, HIV, and hepatitis11.
To keep the blood supply safe, blood banks follow strict rules for handling and storing blood11. They keep donor info private and tell health experts and recipients about any positive tests11.
| Blood Donation Safety Measures | Plasma Donation Safety Measures |
|---|---|
|
|
Blood and plasma donation centers focus on safety to keep the blood supply safe and reliable10. Blood transfusions are key in healthcare, facing challenges to ensure enough and safe blood10.
“Donor safety is our top priority at all times. We have robust measures in place to protect both our donors and the recipients of the donated blood products.”
The Biomedical Industry and Blood Products
The biomedical industry is key in turning donated blood and plasma into many life-saving products and treatments12. Plasma makes up about 55% of blood and is packed with proteins like albumin and clotting factors12.
Applications of Blood Products
Plasma therapies are crucial for treating many diseases12. The plasma market is expected to hit $47 billion by 202913. While whole blood is often given freely, plasma is sometimes paid for, helping centers stay open12.
Donated blood and plasma aid in medical research, especially in hematology12. This research leads to new treatments and a better understanding of blood-related diseases.
| Statistic | Value |
|---|---|
| Plasma is the liquid part of blood | 55% of total blood volume12 |
| Whole blood is donated through volunteer programs | Whereas plasma is often collected in for-profit centers12 |
| Donors selling plasma can do so | Up to 104 times a year, exceeding the frequency of donating whole blood12 |
| The U.S. supplies | 70% of the global plasma supply13 |
| A single infusion of IVIG (intravenous immunoglobulin) costs | Thousands of dollars13 |
| IVIG is relied on by | Less than 1% of the population, making it one of the most costly drugs for the healthcare system13 |
“Plasma-derived drugs are vital for treating chronic, genetic, and life-threatening diseases.”
Some see plasma donation as a way to make money, but many donors do it to help others12. The industry faced big problems in the 1970s and 1980s due to AIDS, leading to infections in some patients12. Now, the FDA requires clear labeling of products from different donors, keeping trust in the industry1213.
Selling Blood: Ethical Considerations
The practice of selling blood or plasma is growing, bringing up important ethical questions. Some see the payment as a way to thank donors for their time and effort. But, there are worries about using people in need for profit and treating the human body as a commodity14.
There’s a big debate on whether blood should be given freely or paid for. The World Health Organisation looked at 162 countries and found only 57 paid nothing for their blood donations14. People argue about who should get blood products and how to fairly share the benefits from donations.
In Europe, Italy made rules in 2012 about plasma processing and marketing products from it14. The European Group on Ethics talked about plasma products in 1993, after a new law took effect14.
The Nuffield Council on Bioethics talked about different types of blood donations in 201114. They suggested moving past the debate over paid vs. unpaid donations. This shows we need to think more deeply about the ethics of selling blood and plasma.
| Selling Human Tissues | Compensation |
|---|---|
| Plasma Donation | Donors can earn up to eight times Florida’s minimum wage of $12 per hour15. Big companies like BioLife, CSL Plasma, and Octapharma pay new donors $500-$850 in the first month and $50-$75 per visit, twice a week, adding up to about $8,000 a year15. |
| Egg Donation | Women can sell their eggs for $8,000-$14,00015. |
| Sperm Donation | Men can sell sperm for $35-$12515. |
| Surrogacy | A surrogate mother can make $24,000-$45,00015. |
The use of blood and plasma in the biomedical field is growing, making the ethics of selling these products a big topic14. Finding a balance between paying donors fairly and keeping the system ethical is a big challenge. It needs careful thought and new policies.
The U.S. gives 70% of the world’s plasma, worth about $3.3 billion or 2.69% of U.S. exports15. With more demand for blood and plasma products, the debate on selling these human tissues will keep being important. It will be watched closely by policymakers, medical experts, and the public.
Finding Blood Donation Centers Near You
Finding a good blood donation center or plasma donation center is key when you want to sell blood. Luckily, there are many options across the U.S. to help you16.
Locating Reputable Blood Banks
Vitalant is a top name in blood donations, with about 115 centers across the country16. They supply blood and special services to around 900 hospitals16. Just visit their website and use your zip code to find a Vitalant center near you.
Children’s Hospital Colorado’s Blood Donor Center is another great place to look. They get over 8,000 units of blood every year17. This helps the hospital’s sick and injured kids17. They’re open Monday to Thursday, and you can book an appointment for platelet donations.
Versiti Blood Center of Wisconsin is also a top choice, giving over 230,000 units of blood and products yearly to more than 56 hospitals18. They have many centers in Wisconsin, each with different hours to fit your schedule.
| Blood Donation Center | Location | Hours of Operation |
|---|---|---|
| Greenfield Blood Donation Center | Greenfield, WI | Open 7 days per week |
| Kenosha Blood Donation Center | Kenosha, WI | Tuesday through Saturday |
| La Crosse Blood Donation Center | La Crosse, WI | Open on Mondays (therapeutic appointments) |
| Manitowoc Blood Donation Center | Manitowoc, WI | Monday through Friday |
| Marshfield Blood Donation Center | Marshfield, WI | Monday through Saturday |
| Milwaukee Blood Donation Center | Milwaukee, WI | Monday through Saturday |
| Racine Blood Donation Center | Racine, WI | Monday through Saturday |
| Waukesha Blood Donation Center | Waukesha, WI | Open 7 days per week |
| Wauwatosa Blood Donation Center | Wauwatosa, WI | Open 7 days per week |
| West Bend Blood Donation Center | West Bend, WI | Monday through Saturday |
Looking at these blood donation centers and their locations, you can easily find a good place to sell your blood. This way, you help meet the critical need for blood products in healthcare16.
Donor Tips for a Smooth Experience
As a blood or plasma donor, making your donation smooth and comfortable is key. By following simple tips, you can help meet the medical needs that depend on these donations19.
Start by drinking lots of fluids, especially water, before your donation20. This keeps your blood volume up and makes donating easier.
It’s also important to eat well before donating. Eat a meal with lots of protein like eggs, lean meats, seafood, grains, and nuts19. These foods help your body replace what you’ve donated20.
- Think about having an iron-boosting smoothie bowl or a spinach, tomato, and cheese omelet for breakfast19.
- Eat foods high in vitamin C, like oranges, strawberries, and broccoli, to help your body use iron better19.
Fill out any paperwork or online forms before you go. This makes the donation process faster and easier for everyone20.
Listen to the blood donation staff. They know how to make your donation safe and comfortable20.
By focusing on staying hydrated, eating well, and being organized, your donation will be a breeze. Let’s work together to help those in need1920.
Frequently Asked Questions About Selling Blood
Are you curious about selling blood? You’re not alone. Many people are now looking into blood and plasma donation as a way to make extra money. Let’s explore some common questions about this topic.
How long can different blood components be stored?
Red blood cells can last up to 42 days before they expire21. Plasma can be frozen for up to a year21. But, platelets must be given to patients within five days of donation21.
What safety measures are in place for blood donation?
Blood donation centers test the blood a lot to keep it safe. Each unit of blood goes through 15 tests, including 11 for diseases21. They use special tests to check for HIV and other viruses21.
Are there any regional differences in blood donation?
Some areas in the US have more cases of Babesia, a bloodborne parasite21. Places like Wisconsin and the northeast US are more affected21. Babesia is a big concern, especially in the summer, especially in July21.
What is the typical timeline for blood donation and use?
Donating blood takes about an hour, including all the steps21. The blood is ready for use within 24-48 hours21. But, platelets have a shorter shelf life and must be given to patients within five days21.
Are there any special requirements for blood donors?
You need to weigh at least 110 pounds to donate21. Some places let 16-year-olds donate with a parent’s okay21. Healthy people aged 17 and up can usually donate21.
How has the COVID-19 pandemic affected blood donation?
You don’t have to wait to get a COVID vaccine before donating21. Mask rules for donating blood change based on CDC advice and local cases21.
How often can I donate plasma?
You can donate plasma twice in seven days, as long as you wait two days between donations22. Each donation gives 625 to 800 milliliters of plasma22. The first donation takes about two to two and a half hours, and return donations take one to one and a half hours22.
What are the eligibility requirements for plasma donation?
You need to weigh at least 110 pounds and be in good health to donate plasma22. Grifols, a big plasma producer, has over 300 donation centers in the US22.
How is donated plasma processed and used?
Within 30 minutes, samples are taken and frozen22. Approved plasma is kept for 60 days before being sent to make products22. It takes up to a year from donation to when the final product is ready for patients22.
How are plasma donors compensated?
Donors get paid on a debit card after each donation, with rates varying by location22. They must be tested for HIV and other viruses at each donation22.
What are the wait times between plasma and blood donations?
After plasma donation, wait two-to-three days before giving blood again, and eight weeks before plasma again22.
Who are the typical blood donors in the United States?
Only about 10 percent of those who can donate do so in the US23. Type O blood is the most needed for red cells, found in many ethnic groups23.
How often can eligible donors give blood?
Eligible donors can give blood up to six times a year, every eight weeks or 56 days23.
Are there any restrictions on who can donate blood?
You must be at least 17, weigh over 110 pounds, and be healthy to donate23. Diabetics can donate if they meet the health criteria23. Cancer survivors can donate after a year in remission, except for certain cancers23. In Georgia, you must wait three months after getting a tattoo to donate blood23.
The Role of Blood Donation in Medical Research
Blood donation is key to advancing medical research, especially in hematology. Researchers use the blood and plasma to study blood diseases, create new treatments, and improve transfusion medicine. A steady supply of blood and is vital for medical research and creating life-saving treatments24.
Hematology Research and Innovations
Researchers use donated blood to understand blood conditions like anemia and leukemia. This helps them make better treatments and improve patient care24. The blood also helps test and improve medical devices, making them safer for patients25.
The blood aids in transfusion medicine too. It helps find new ways to give blood safely and effectively. Researchers use it to improve blood storage and make transfusions safer24.
| Hematology Research Applications | Transfusion Medicine Innovations |
|---|---|
|
|
The medical research world values blood donors greatly. By donating, people help save lives and support important discoveries. These discoveries can help everyone242526.
“Blood donation is an act of altruism that has far-reaching impacts, not only in saving lives but also in driving progress in medical research and transfusion medicine.”
Impact of Blood Donations on Transfusion Medicine
Blood and plasma donations greatly impact transfusion medicine27. They help create medical products like red blood cells, platelets, and plasma therapies27. These products are key for treating many medical conditions and improving patient care.
The history of transfusion medicine is filled with important milestones27. William Harvey discovered blood circulation in 162827, and Jan Swammerdam saw red blood cells in 166527. The U.S. started a national blood program in 194027. During World War II, dried plasma was crucial for treating wounded soldiers27. In 1947, ABO blood-typing and syphilis testing made donated blood safer27.
Advances in transfusion medicine have made blood products better and more available27. The switch to all-volunteer donors in the 1970s27 and HbsAg testing in 197127 made the blood supply safer. NAT for HIV and HCV in 2002 further improved safety27.
Yet, transfusion medicine still faces challenges28. It takes the body up to 24 hours to replace donated blood and months to refill red blood cells28. Donors with low iron may need over four months to replenish it, despite being able to donate every 56 days28. Researchers are looking into intravenous iron to help improve blood quality and donor health28.
The impact of blood donations on transfusion medicine is clear27. From early discoveries to today’s advancements, donors have been crucial in saving lives and improving treatments27. As we move forward, blood donations will continue to be vital in this field.
Selling Blood and Immune Therapies
The blood and plasma we donate are key to saving lives and creating new treatments29. They help researchers study the immune system and find new treatments for serious diseases30. A steady supply of these products is crucial for making these treatments a reality.
Convalescent plasma therapy has helped fight diseases like COVID-1930. The FDA has approved it for use during emergencies30. Even though it has risks, like allergic reactions, it’s tested to be safe30.
Scientists are always finding new ways to use the immune system for treatments30. Your donations help make these treatments possible. By giving blood or plasma, you save lives and help advance medicine.
| Immune Therapy | Plasma Donation Requirement |
|---|---|
| Primary Immunodeficiency | 130 donations per year31 |
| Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy | 465 donations per year31 |
| Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency | 900 donations per year31 |
| Hemophilia | 1,200 donations per year31 |
Your donations help save lives and advance treatments for serious illnesses29. Your act of kindness can change lives. Join us in supporting the search for new treatments and helping patients in need.
Conclusion
Selling blood or plasma can be a rewarding and impactful experience. By donating, we help with life-saving medical treatments and support research. We can also earn money that helps us32. Donating one unit of blood can save up to three lives, says the American Red Cross32. A 2003 CDC article found about 1 million people in the U.S. have type 1 hereditary hemochromatosis.
But, selling blood also brings up important ethical questions33. The World Health Organization found 79 countries get most of their blood from unpaid donors. Yet, 56 countries use paid or family donors for more than half their blood supply33. Countries with only voluntary donations have more regular donors and a steady blood supply.
Deciding to sell blood or plasma needs careful thought. We should know the process, who can give, and the good and bad sides. Whether we donate or not, giving blood and plasma is key to healthcare and new medical discoveries32. A 2019 study showed donating blood often can lower the risk of heart disease32. A 2015 study found regular donors had better blood pressure than those donating less often.
FAQ
How long does the blood donation process take?
The whole process, from start to finish, takes about an hour. But the actual donation itself is just 8-10 minutes.
What are the different ways to make a difference by donating blood?
You can donate whole blood or plasma. Plasma donation is special because it can be given twice in a week, but not more than once in 48 hours.
What are the eligibility requirements for donating blood and plasma?
Donating blood or plasma has its own rules. These rules help keep both donors and recipients safe. You’ll need to check if you meet these criteria before donating.
What are the main types of blood donations?
There are two main types: whole blood and plasma donation. Whole blood includes many parts like red cells and plasma. Plasma donation focuses on just the plasma part of your blood.
What can I expect during the blood donation experience?
Donating blood involves a few steps, from signing up to getting refreshments after. Drink water, eat well, and rest before coming. The actual donation is quick, but the whole process takes about an hour.
Can I receive compensation for my blood or plasma donations?
Yes, you might get paid for your donations. This helps cover costs and motivates people to donate. The pay varies by location and donation center.
How are the safety and quality of blood and plasma donations ensured?
Centers follow strict safety steps to protect donors and recipients. They screen donors, use clean equipment, and watch over donors during and after donation. Plasma is also checked by the FDA to make sure it’s safe for sharing.
How are the donated blood and plasma used by the biomedical industry?
Donated blood and plasma help make life-saving products. These include things like red blood cells and plasma therapies. They also aid in medical research, especially in hematology.
What are the ethical considerations surrounding the act of selling blood or plasma?
Selling blood or plasma brings up ethical questions. Some worry about exploiting people or treating their blood as a product. There’s also debate on fair access to these products and their benefits.
How can I find a reputable blood donation center or plasma donation center?
Look for reputable centers online, through local groups, or by contacting national organizations. Make sure they follow strict safety and quality rules, as required by the FDA.
What tips can you provide for a smooth blood or plasma donation experience?
For a good donation experience, stay hydrated, eat well, and fill out any forms early. Listen to the staff’s instructions, like how to care for the bandage and when to book your next visit.
Source Links
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- Find Out if You Can Give Blood | Giving = Living – https://www.hhs.gov/givingequalsliving/giveblood/can-i-give
- Blood Donation Requirements | Vitalant – https://www.vitalant.org/eligibility/blood-donation-requirements
- Blood Safety and Matching – https://www.hematology.org/education/patients/blood-basics/blood-safety-and-matching
- Types of Donations – https://scbloodbank.org/donors/types-donations
- Blood donation frequently asked questions – Mayo Clinic – https://www.mayoclinic.org/blood-donor-program/faq
- How Much Can You Make Donating Plasma? – GoodRx – https://www.goodrx.com/health-topic/finance/how-much-donating-plasma-pays
- Blood safety and availability – https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/blood-safety-and-availability
- HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 162. BLOOD BANKS AND DONATION OF BLOOD – https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/HS/htm/HS.162.htm
- ‘Blood Money’: Inside the global business of selling plasma – https://www.wbur.org/onpoint/2023/02/28/blood-money-inside-the-global-business-of-selling-plasma
- Inside the Big Business of Blood – https://newrepublic.com/article/173750/inside-big-business-blood-money-kathleen-mclaughlin-book-review
- Production of plasma-derived medicinal products: ethical implications for blood donation and donors – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3934296/
- Blood money: Saving lives or exploiting you? Health, ethical questions about donors selling plasma – https://www.actionnewsjax.com/news/local/blood-money-saving-lives-or-exploiting-you-health-ethical-questions-about-donors-selling-plasma/YVDLYZK37JEWTKVKEAEB3SAMEY/
- Donate Blood, Plasma and Platelets | Vitalant – https://www.vitalant.org/
- Give Blood and Save Kids’ Lives – https://www.childrenscolorado.org/community/support-childrens-colorado/give-blood/
- Versiti – Wisconsin Blood Donation Locations | Versiti – https://versiti.org/blood-donation-locations/wisconsin
- What To Do And Not Do Before Donating Plasma In The US – https://olgam.com/what-to-do-and-not-do-before-donating-plasma/
- Everything You Need to Do Before and After Donating Plasma – https://www.joinparachute.com/blog/what-to-do-before-donating-plasma/
- Versiti – Blood Donation Frequently Asked Questions | Learn About Blood Donation – https://versiti.org/ways-to-give/about-blood-donation/blood-donation-faqs
- Frequently Asked Questions – https://www.grifolsplasma.com/en/first-donation/faqs
- Frequently Asked Questions — Blood Assurance – https://www.bloodassurance.org/faq
- The Surprising Benefits of Donating Blood – https://www.cuimc.columbia.edu/news/surprising-benefits-donating-blood
- Blood products: Blood donation – https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/blood-products-why-should-i-donate-blood
- Non-clinical use – https://www.blood.co.uk/why-give-blood/how-blood-is-used/non-clinical-use/
- History of Blood Transfusions – https://www.redcrossblood.org/donate-blood/blood-donation-process/what-happens-to-donated-blood/blood-transfusions/history-blood-transfusion.html
- A new study asks: Are we harming blood donors by taking blood from them? – https://www.statnews.com/2022/09/20/study-are-we-harming-blood-donors-by-taking-blood-from-them/
- Specialized Donor Program – https://www.redcrossblood.org/donate-blood/dlp/specialized-donor-program.html
- Convalescent plasma therapy – Mayo Clinic – https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/convalescent-plasma-therapy/about/pac-20486440
- Why Giving Plasma is So Critical | Giving = Living – https://www.hhs.gov/givingequalsliving/giveplasma/why-give
- Donating blood: Advantages, disadvantages, and procedure – https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319366
- Why Blood Donation Is Unpaid: A Global Perspective — Stanford Blood Center – https://stanfordbloodcenter.org/pulse-volunteer-donations/
